Classical Education...

“Because the classical educator believes in a real world that gives up ordered knowledge of itself, he teaches the student how to get that knowledge. The seven liberal arts were quite deliberately developed for precisely that reason. Believing that we can know truth, and believing that truth sets us free, classical educators spent thousands of years refining the tools of truth-seeking that were used from the beginning of time, but were first codified by Aristotle."

- Andrew Kern, in "What is the Difference Between Classical and Conventional Education”

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Sunday, October 30, 2016

Understanding Pronoun Usage

Shorter but Not Always Better

Everyone remembers what a pronoun is in standard English: a pronoun replaces a noun in order to avoid repetition.  However, if you have not clearly established (in a thesis, topic sentence, or closing sentence) the subject of the sentence, you cannot use a pronoun to avoid repetition because it is not avoiding repetition if there was not a clear subject indicated to begin with in the sentence.  Using a pronoun, in this case, causes confusion.

Pronouns are vague, and while they can be used in any type of sentence, you should only use them when the noun that they are replacing is very clear.  While pronouns are a perfectly acceptable form of noun replacement, you need to make sure that you are not incorrectly using them in the most important sentences in your essay: thesis statement, topic sentences, and closing sentences.  Thesis statements, topic sentences, and closing sentences need to be written as if they could stand alone, be read by the reader, and the full intent would still be perfectly clear.  These types of sentences must contain CLEAR subject usage through a noun or proper noun. Pronouns are vague, and it is required that they only be used when the noun is very clear.

For more detailed information on pronouns, click HERE.

Computer Usage...Be Not Afraid

Standards and Fears

I can remember way-back-when...in middle-school...when my step-father brought home our first computer.  What was it?  Hmmm...let's see, it was something we don't use today but was famous (the most-sold computer system in the world to this day)...oh, so many years ago...I have to dig through my gray matter to find the name...


Does this look familiar to any of you?  While the age of my students ranges from 11-111 (Nah, not really.  The oldest student I have had was 62.), there may be some of you who know what this is.

"The Commodore 64"

This was my first exposure to a computer at home...the Commodore 64.  I can still remember my parents trying to instill the fear of the 'money-god' in me to not break it.  While it is not impressive by today's standards--and size--this was a very exciting (and scary) item to have in our house.  

At school, there was a computer lab (in the library) for teacher and student use.  It was home to two of the most prized items on campus...Computer Terminal A and Computer Terminal B (just obscure names for the two computers the whole school--students, faculty, and staff--had to share).
"The Commodore PET"

These 'school computers' looked like this one, and we had to learn C: Prompt codes to get into the internal system that everyone refers to today as the 'desktop'.  So, for those of you old school folks out there who have never been too keen on operating a computer yet find yourselves in a classroom that requires the use of Microsoft Office WORD to complete all of your assignments, I'm sure that you have a lot of questions.  For young students who might not have had much exposure to formal use of Microsoft Office WORD since the modern student uses Facebook, Twitter, and SKYPE more than word processing programs, then have I got great news for you!!!  Below you will find a list of links to take you to a wonderful site that will teach you the basics--and more--about using Microsoft Office WORD.  

If you do not know how to formally double space, create headers, headings, indent, hang-indent, insert images, and wrap text, then you must learn the concepts below as soon as possible.  For an academic class, you will need to learn the basic concepts below to make sure that your work is double-spaced, in Times or Arial font, size 12, contains proper headers with content and page number inserts, and so on.  

While these things might initially send you into a state of shock--similar to how I felt the first time that I sat down in front of that Commodore 64--you will soon get the hang of it.  

So, before we sail off into the future, let's take one last look at the side of my first keyboard...

Do you see those plug slots?  Those would be comparable to today's USB 2.0 and 3.0 slots.  The two on the left were where you plugged in your perrifferial items. The slot on the far right is the power cord slot, and the switch next to it actually turned the power on and off to prevent power surges. Do you own anything today that would work in these holes?  Believe it or not...I still do.  One of these days, I will get the courage to crack off the case of my college computer (an old MAC), and I will attempt to learn it and rebuild it...if it is even still possible by then.  In the meantime...I'll keep focused on the 'new' around me and guide you to the lessons below.

Happy Learning!!!!  The computer is your friend (despite Dan Rather's quote below)!


Learn Formatting of MO Word Documents

The information in this section (below) comes from the Goodwill Community Foundation LearnFree.org as assistance to writers using various programs and are in need of training. The content below is not my own creation. Please see the site for more details.





Saturday, October 8, 2016

Mr. Murray's Classrooms

Websites to Help with Education: Mr. Murray's Classrooms



Mr. Murray's Classrooms is a site that links you to three or four of Mr Murray's classrooms.  


The reason this site is unique is because it is led by a male instructor.  I know that sounds awful to say in the politically correct, women's lib atmosphere of today, but I firmly believe in the difference between men and women: humor, insights, ways of learning and teaching, as well as relating to children.  While I do not know Mr. Murray, personally, Figure 1 depicts Arnold Schwarzenegger as the Kindergarten Cop, and you have to admit, that movie showed how men and women approach both children and education differently--while getting the job done!!


                    
Figure 1: Arnold Schwarzenegger in Kindergarten Cop




Men were made to be different than women (look it up in the bible).  Even though we all can attempt the same activities and careers as each other, there is a difference between how a man implements an activity versus a woman.  Not better, not worse, just different.  Therefore, I like his site.  He has a different approach to reaching the students than the female instructors I have run across.  Take a look.

Virtual Middle School Library

Websites to Help with Education: the Virtual Middle School Library


The Virtual Middle School Library is a site that I recently came across while trying to find help for one of my Freshman Composition students online.  While the site is label as a Middle School virtual library, I believe that all education is ripe for students at their maturity-level or education-level and down.  
Let me put it to you this way, when I used to manage a Classical Conversations (CC) community for homeschoolers, if a student from an older class was uncomfortable with his/her placement, the peers in the class, or the knowledge of the others at that level, I would encourage the parent and the student to consider stepping into a younger-aged classroom*.  The content was the same at all Foundations levels of CC—just as it is in a children's Sunday School classroom—it was just a different approach to conveying that same content.  If it would make the student feel better to be the teacher's assistant, this was fine, but the goal was to place the child in a room where he or she could feel confident.  


When you are confident, you are at ease…  
When you are at ease, you learn better…


Studies show that it is easier for you to not only learn information better, but to retain it longer, when you are feeling at ease in your educational environment.  
An older child in a room full of 'littles' is a good role model for the ‘littles’, and it makes them strive to know as much as the older student.  What child have you known who did not want to be looked up to or who did not look up to older children?  On the flip-side, though, I would never suggest moving a child to a class of older children, even if the child seemed precocious.  If the student is in his/her age-group or lower, this still promotes enrichment and then you have the added benefit of younger-level comprehension to assist with repetition, thus producing mastery.  
Education has always seemed to work well when you access your maturity level and lower.  Some may argue that this stops the student from aiming high—stops advancement into higher levels of maturity.  I disagree.  We are talking about education, here.  Education is best processed in a state of peace and calm.  Stretching too far beyond your maturity- or comprehension-level only produces confusion, embarrassment, and stress, which are the opposite conditions to promote long term knowledge.  It is also the quickest way to stop a child from enjoying education.  The ultimate goal of education is not to get a high-paying job—despite what our culture may be touting these days.  While higher pay is one of the benefits of attaining and education, certainly, there is more to life than where you work or how much you get paid.  Life is about how you interact with the world, at any income level.  
The goal of education is to produce life-long learners.  A life-longer learner will find life much easier to handle throughout the ups-and-downs. Therefore, I promoted the Virtual Middle School Library to my college students.  While they might think that they are 'above' using something designed for middle school students, the fact of the matter is if they are struggling in some area of language arts (the writing process, editing, comma usage, sentence structure, research development, formatting sources, etc.), and if they need help to learn specific lessons to help them advance through their current course, then where else should you go but back to middle school?


*For those of you who are not familiar with how the Classical Conversations (CC) curriculum works, let me provide some guidance here.  CC is a curriculum that is based on the Classical method of education.  The Classical method of education focused on repetition and mastery while moving from knowledge, to understanding, to wisdom.  Foundations is what CC calls their knowledge phase of their curriculum.  While many people—specifically home school parents in their 30s and 40s—often think of ‘content knowledge’ as simply memorization, it is not. 
Memorization has received a bad ‘rap’ in last 30 years, and so many people think that memorizing facts is low-level thinking and a waste of time.  Would you say that to your doctor?  A doctor-friend of mine told me once that 80% of everything he did in medical school was based on memorization.  He had to memorize body parts, terms, locations, functions, surgical tools, operation procedures, the correct steps and combinations for administering medication, and the list goes on.  Your doctor is a walking dictionary of medical terms he memorized to have the knowledge to be able to properly guide you through issues with your body.  Don’t tell me that memorization is a waste of time.  It is not.  However, memorization without development might be seen as useless.  Learning facts through memorizing is the first step in being able to move to the next step in education—understanding. 
When you were learning to drive, did your mom or dad simply put you behind the wheel and give you directions to go?  No, you had to learn the key terms, components, and functions of the parts of the car.  From there, your parent could properly school you on those terms and components so that you could safely drive.  The same holds true for the CC curriculum.  While the Foundations level of the curriculum is about content knowledge, the goal is not simply memorization.  The goal is to grasp the key terms and phrases of something so that deeper development can be had at home, and deeper understanding can be had later, when the child is developmentally ready.
CC has created a curriculum for students to use in a three-cycle period.  This means that students go through Cycle 1: Ancient Times [let’s say at age 5], they then move on to Cycle 2: Pre-Reformation to Modern Times [all new content—at age 6], and then they move into Cycle 3: Columbus to Current Events [again, new content, we are now at age 7] (Figure 1). 


Figure 1: Classical conversations Cycle Progression Chart


When the child turns 8, Cycle 1 is back up for the curriculum focus of the year.  What does this mean to the child?  To the parent homeschool teacher?  It means you can dig deeper now.  It means that the child repeats the same readings and content, but three years later, the maturity-level, content-knowledge, and understanding of the world is drastically different.  The child now triggers the original content—which puts him or her at ease—yet the parent can take that content and go deeper with it, thus promoting long-term retention of the material.  This goes on at 9 when the Child enters Cycle 2 again, and then at age 10 when Cycle 3 is back on the table.  Each time you move through the curriculum, the parent is emboldened to seek out new supplements to enrich the child’s knowledge, and the child is stress-free because the content is familiar and he/she is simply revisiting the topic and seeking out a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of that topic.

While I am no longer part of a CC community, I would recommend home school parents look at it and give it a try for one year.  I think you will be pleasantly impressed, and there are more CC communities popping up every day, thus making it possible for you to attend a community day one a week with the other homeschoolers who actually live near you.  



Saving WORD Documents in Compatible Format

 97-2003 Compatible Format

I often send and receive WORD documents through the Internet.  Since I am an online instructor, it is important for my students to  send me work in a way where I can open it, review it, and score it.  In my home school, I have my children submit the final versions of their writings to me through WORD as well, and even though we are one family, we are not using the same computers or even the same computer systems.  It is essential that all of these documents are saved in a way that is compatible for any viewer.
Have you experienced issues like this?  Has someone sent you a document--in MO WORD--and you could not open it and did not know why?  While there are various ways to work around this issue, the easiest one that I have found is to simply save all WORD documents that you wish to share in the Compatible format.  Of course, you could simply save it as a .pdf, but the receiver is unable to make modifications to it, leave 'comments' embedded in the document, or easily copy and paste sections to refer to at a later time.  Saving your WORD documents in a Compatible version is the quickest and easiest way for full sharing potential: at least from what I have found.
Have you been having problems saving your work in a format that is compatible with everyone you share documents with through the Internet?  Have you tried saving documents in the Compatible format for WORD?  The steps below will provide you with everything you need to complete this requirement.
Once you read my directions for how to complete this type of 'save,' you will laugh at how easy it is and wonder why you did not try this sooner. 
In the WORD program:
  1. Go to SAVE AS
  2. Locate the folder where you want the work to be saved.
  3. Create a name to identify your work: Your Name, Assignment, and formatting Style
    • Sample: Vida Bendecida Essay 1 MLA
  4. Underneath the NAME of the document, you will see a drop-down box that lets you choose 8-12 different types of formatting settings for your program's document.  You want to choose the 97-2003 COMPATIBLE option.
    • You do not have to have any of the 97-2003 WORD programs to complete this save.  However, by saving your WORD document in this format, it makes it possible for ANYONE with a WORD program to open the document.
  5. Click on the 97-2003 Compatible Version option.
  6. Double check that the name is what you want, that the folder you will be saving it to is correct (after all, you want to be able to find it), and that you have successfully changed the program formatting to the 97-2003 COMPATIBLE style.
  7. Click SAVE.

You have now finished properly saving the document for an online sharing situation, and you are now able to upload your work into an email- or cloud-system as a COMPATIBLE WORD document.
By following these steps, you can save your MO WORD documents in a way that they will end in .doc, which, in turn, will make the document accessible to all parties who need to view it, no matter what version of MO WORD they are using.
I suggest doing this for ALL documents that you send through the Internet to share with others.  It makes it so that your work stays accessible to anyone you send it to for review.  However, if you do not want the person to be able to modify the work, embed comments, or easily copy and paste it, you simply choose the .pdf option in stead of the 97-2003 Compatible Version option in the drop-down menu.
If you have other tips or tricks to saving Microsoft Office WORD documents in a way that makes it easily accessible for review and possible modification, I'd love for you to leave a comment below.

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